Tuesday, August 26, 2008

List of Indian mathematicians

  • The chronology of Indian mathematics spans from the Indus valley civilization and the Vedas to Modern times.
  • Indian mathematicians have made a number of significant contributions to mathematics including place-value arithmetical notation and the concept of zero.

    Vedic
    the Shatapatha Brahmana contains calculations related to altar construction.
    Panini, ca. 5th c. BC, Algebraic grammarian


    Classical
  • Post-Vedic Sanskrit to Pala period mathematicians (5th c. BC to 11th c. AD)
  • Aryabhata - Astronomer who gave accurate calculations for astronomical constants, 476-520
  • Brahmagupta - Helped bring the concept of zero into arithmetic
  • Matanga Muni - Combinatorics in music
  • Shridhara (between 650-850) - Gave a good rule for finding the volume of a sphere.


    Medieval to Mughal period

    13th century to 1800.

  • Gangesha Upadhyaya, 13th century, Logician, mithila school
  • Pakshadhara, son of Gangehsa, Logician, Mithila school
  • Shankara Mishra, Logician, Mithila school
  • Narayana Pandit
  • Madhava - Discovered some elements of Calculus
  • Parameshvara (1360-1455), discovered drk-ganita, a mathematical model of astronomy based on observations, Madhava's Kerala school
  • Nilakantha Somayaji,1444-1545 - Mathematician and Astronomer, Madhava's Kerala school
  • Mahendra Suri (14th century)
  • Shankara Variyar (c. 1530)
  • Vasudeva Sarvabhauma, 1450-1525, Logician, Navadvipa school
  • Raghunatha Shiromani, (1475-1550), Logician, Navadvipa school
  • Jyeshtadeva , 1500-1610, Author of Yuktibhasa, Madhava's Kerala school
  • Achyuta Pisharati, 1550-1621, Astronomer/mathematician, Madhava's Kerala school
  • Mathuranatha Tarkavagisha, c. 1575, Logician, Navadvipa school
  • Jagadisha Tarkalankara, c. 1625, Logician, Navadvipa school
  • Gadadhara Bhattacharya, c. 1650, Logician, Navadvipa school
  • Munishvara (17th century)
  • Kamalakara (1657)
  • Jagannatha Samrat (1730)


    Born in 1800s

  • Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)
  • A. A. Krishnaswami Ayyangar (1892-1953)
  • Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893-1972)
  • Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974)
  • Sanjeev Shah (1803- 1896)
  • Raghunath Purushottam Paranjape


    Born in 1900s

  • Vijay Manohar (1901-1987)
  • S. N. Roy (1906-1966)
  • Sarvadaman Chowla (1907-1995)
  • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995)
  • D.K. Ray-Chaudhuri
  • Harish-Chandra (1920-1983)
  • C. R. Rao (1920-)
  • Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar (1930-)
  • Ramdas Lotu Bhirud(1937-1997)
  • Jayant Narlikar (1930-)
  • Vijay Kumar Patodi (1945-1976)
  • Narendra Karmarkar (1957-)
  • M.V. Subbarao (1921-2006)
  • Navin M. Singhi
  • S. S. Shrikhande
  • Raj Chandra Bose
  • Parthasarathy, K. R.
  • Ramenjit Singh
  • Gaurav Agrawal



Sunday, August 24, 2008

General Tips for Studying Mathematics

Go To Class Regularly:

Remember that math is cumulative. If you don’t go to class you will miss important material that will be used in later sections and important announcements.

Get to Class On Time.

Sometime important announcements are only given during the first few minutes of a class.

LISTEN During Class.

In order to get something out of the class you need to listen while in class. Often this can be difficult to do but it is very important. Sometimes important ideas will not be written down on the board, but instead just spoken by the teacher.  


Watch for things the teacher emphasizes, even if just in words. This often means the teacher thinks it’s important. The more important that  teacher thinks a topic is, the more likely that it will show up on the exam!

Take Good Notes.

Try to write down everything that teacher puts on board. It may seem easy when watching the teacher, but it often is not so easy when it comes time for you to do it. A good set of notes will help remind you how to do these problems. For some teacher writing down everything may be difficult. In these cases you should try to write down as much as possible.


Note as well that this seems to contradict the previous tip. It is often hard to both listen and take a good set of notes. This is something that one often only gains with practice. You need to be able to listen while you are writing down the important parts of the lecture.  

Ask Questions.

If you don’t understand something then ask your teacher. Chances are you are not the only one who doesn’t understand.

Listen When Others Ask Questions.

When other students ask questions make sure you listen to both the question and the answer. It may be that the student asking the question thought of something that you didn’t think of.

Review Notes After Class.

After each class you should review your notes. Note the topics that you found confusing and formulate questions that you can ask your teacher or tutor to help you understand the topic.

Make a Set of Index Cards.

Make a set of index cards with important formulas and concepts on them. You can carry these around with you to look over when you’ve got a few spare minutes. Use them to help you memorize the important formulas and concepts.

Note Due Dates. Write down the due dates for homework and dates for exams someplace you’ll see them so you don’t forget about them.
Budget Adequate Time For Studying/Homework. It often takes more time studying mathematics to learn the subject than you may require in other classes.  

Do Homework After Each Class.

At the end of each class budget some time to look over the homework from that days lecture and attempt to do it Doing this will allow you time to really work at understanding the concepts covered that day. Do not wait until the last minute to do the homework as this often results in an incomplete homework set and an incomplete understanding of the concept.  

Do Homework Without Notes and Book.

After the first few homework problems, put your notes and book up and try to do the remaining problems without referring to your notes and/or book. In most cases you will not have these during your exams so get used to doing problems without them.

Do More Homework.

Do not limit yourself to just the homework that your instructor assigns. The more problems that you work the better off you’ll be.

Practice, Practice, Practice.

Practice as much as possible. The only way to really learn how to do problems is work lots of them. The more you work, the better prepared you will be come exam time.

Persevere.

You will not just instantly get every topic that is covered in a math class. There will be some topics that you will have to work at before you completely understand. The only way to really grasp some topics is to go home and think about it and work some problems. You will often find that after a little work a topic that initially baffled you will all of a sudden make sense.

Keep Old Homework and Exams.

Do not throw away homework and exams once you get them back. The homework is a good source of study material for exams and both the homework and exams is a good source of study material for comprehensive final exams (if you’ve got one).

Don’t Forget Your Textbook.

If you get stuck on a topic that was discussed in class do not forget that you do have a textbook. Often the text book will contain examples not worked in class and/or a different approach to a problem.

Seek Help If You Need It.

If you are having trouble with your maths class you have many options open to you and you should take advantage of them. You can go to your tescher’s office hours, go to the tutoring room or hire a tutor to get help. 

X-MATRIC MATHS Blue Print

S.No.

Chapter Name

Marks

1.

Number Work

25

2.

Mensuration

24

3.

Set Language

21

4.

Consumer Arithmetic

17

5.

Algebra

33

6.

Graphs

20

> >

Total Marks

140

> >

> >

> >

> >

> >

       MATHEMATICS - II

S.No.

Chapter Name

Marks

1.

Matrices

17

2.

Theoretical Geometry

26

3.

Co-ordinate Geometry

33

4.

Trigonometry

28

5.

Statistics

16

6.

Practical Geometry

20

> >

Total Marks

140

> >

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